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Help required in diagnosis.

site_admin — Wed, 24 Jul 2024 11:13:28 +0000

Make patient. No smoking or tobacco habits.

No relevant medical history.

What could be these white lesions.?

Pls diagnose.

TIA

Canker Sore /Apthous Ulcer

Dr Neha N. Lalwani — Sat, 24 Jul 2021 00:37:41 +0000

What is Canker Sore??

📃 A small, shallow sore inside the mouth or at the base of the gums.
Unlike a cold sore, a canker sore doesn’t occur on the lips and isn’t contagious.

also called Apthous Ulcer

Treatment

Most canker sores clear on their own in one to two weeks. Treatments, if required, include mouth rinses, pastes and medication.

Medications

📃Local Anesthetic- Blocks the pain

📃Steroid – Stimulates Hormone effect,to reduce tissue inflammation

📃Anti -Inflammatory

Ayurvedic Tongue Diagnosis in Dentistry

Kalpna Ranadive — Tue, 24 May 2016 17:56:02 +0000

Tongue can open a doorway to self healing even before any disease shows up in the body. From Prevention to Prediction, Tongue has many hidden gems that every dentist needs to learn to help their patients, friends and family. Learn More about it here

https://www.facebook.com/YogiMeetsDoctor/posts/1029602573761096

Topics ranging from Facial Diagnosis to Vedic Integrative Health are being discussed in a dentist/doctor only Private facebook group. If interested Join for Free and Join the Discussion.

Ozone Dentistry on the Horizon

Thu, 19 Mar 2015 15:30:11 +0000

I am always interested in what is up and coming in Dentistry. I always want to know what the best new products are maybe a year into having it placed on the market. I believe that the next thing to revolutionize both medicine and dentistry is Ozone Therapy. Why? If ever there was a miracle antibiotic, and anti-everything, it is Ozone. It damages the cell wall of just about every simple form of life. Meanwhile, it keeps most of our body tissues safe. Once we learn to harness Ozone’s strength, I believe it will be our most powerful ally in medicine. In dentistry it is able to penetrate levels of tooth structure to kill bacteria that causes decay. Imagine the type of cavities we can remineralize if we can just destroy the bacteria that advances carious lesions. I am excited to see what dentistry will be able to do with this powerful drug and I hope within 10 years it will be commonplace in the dental field.

Until we harness Ozone, dentists including us, at http://www.baselinedental.com, will keep drillin’ and fillin.

Home

Previously ‘hidden diversity’ of mouth bacteria revealed in study

Sun, 29 Jun 2014 06:10:33 +0000

Scientists have applied a new technique to comprehensively analyze the human oral microbiome – providing greater knowledge of the diversity of the bacteria in the mouth. For the first-time, scientists can provide high-resolution bacterial classification at the sub-species level, and they uncovered closely related, previously indistinguishable bacteria living in different parts of the human mouth. This work will enable researchers to more closely examine the role of bacterial communities in health and disease.

The study, “Oligotyping analysis of the human oral microbiome,” will be published in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. For this project, Gary Borisy, Senior Research Investigator, Department of Microbiology at Forsyth collaborated with Drs. A. Murat Eren and Jessica L. Mark Welch at Marine Biological Laboratory and Dr. Susan M. Huse at Brown University.

The human body, including the mouth, is home to

dry mouth

drsnehamaheshwari — Fri, 14 Jun 2013 09:55:17 +0000

Xerostomia (dry mouth) is a condition commonly encountered in clinical practice that can lead to multiple oral and systemic health problems. This condition has several potential etiologies, including medications, advancing age, head and neck radiation, and systemic diseases. Individuals with xerostomia are at increased risk for dental caries, infections of the oral cavity, generalized oral pain, poor nutrition intake, and significantly reduced quality of life. Topical sialogogues may be of limited benefit for patients with this condition, and systemic medications may be necessary to achieve improved clinical outcomes.

A pilot study by Brimhall and colleagues compared the efficacy of pilocarpine and cevimeline in the secretion of saliva and evaluated side effects of both medications. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agonist that promotes generalized fluid secretion by acting on systemic muscarinic-cholinergic receptors. Cevimeline, another systemic agent that promotes fluid secretion, has higher affinity for muscarinic receptors located on lachrymal and salivary gland epithelium and is thought to produce fewer side effects than pilocarpine.

Twelve patients with moderate to severe xerostomia were included in the final analysis of this crossover, double-blind, randomized study. One half of the patients were randomly selected to receive cevimeline 30 mg 3 times daily for 4 weeks. This was followed by a 1-week washout period and initiation of therapy with pilocarpine 5 mg 3 times daily for 4 weeks. The other half of the patients were randomly selected to take pilocarpine first, followed by cevimeline in the same way as described previously.

Patients were evaluated by clinicians 3 times throughout the study: at baseline for informed consent, after the first 4 weeks of therapy, and then 5 weeks later (after the 1-week washout period and 4 weeks of the second medication course). Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow measurements were obtained at each visit using standard techniques. Patients completed a weekly questionnaire about side effects of therapy, and the questionnaires were evaluated at each visit.

The results of the study were as follows:

Most cases of xerostomia (58%) in this cohort were caused by medications;

Although there was an overall increase in production of both unstimulated and stimulated saliva in patients taking either cevimeline and pilocarpine, the medications did not differ statistically in this regard; and

Patient-reported side effects of both medications included increased sweating, watering eyes, headache, nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, and pain around the eyes; however, there was no statistical difference between the medications in the frequency or severity of side effects.

Oro-Facial Pain

drsnehamaheshwari — Tue, 11 Jun 2013 20:49:56 +0000

pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution. Typically, brief attacks are triggered by talking,

chewing, teeth brushing, shaving, a light touch, or even a cool breeze. The pain is nearly always

unilateral, and it may occur repeatedly throughout the day. The diagnosis is typically determined

clinically, although imaging studies or referral for specialized testing may be necessary

to rule out other diseases. Accurate and prompt diagnosis is important because the pain of trigeminal

neuralgia can be severe. Carbamazepine is the drug of choice for the initial treatment

of trigeminal neuralgia; however, baclofen, gabapentin, and other drugs may provide relief

in refractory cases. Neurosurgical treatments may help patients in whom medical therapy is

A guide to common oral lesions

drsnehamaheshwari — Sat, 11 May 2013 12:48:24 +0000

Pulpitis

DESCRIPTION: Inflammation of the pulp is one of the most common lesions seen in dental practice. No illustration is shown because pulpitis is not amenable to clinical photography. Pulpitis usually causes a toothache (pulpalgia) ranging from mild to excruciating, although in some cases, there are no symptoms.

ETIOLOGY: Pulpitis is usually brought about by pulp infection occurring as a consequence of caries, but may also be caused by physical trauma, dental instrumentation, and irritating restorative materials.

TREATMENT: Treatment consists of elimination of the responsible agent. Irreversible cases are treated by endodontic procedures or extraction.

PROGNOSIS: The prognosis depends on the extent and severity of the pulp involvement.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: It is frequently stated that periodontal infections, sinusitis, and referred pain may masquerade as pulpitis. When patients complain of pain in vital teeth, the diagnosis of atypical odontalgia or phantom tooth pain should be considered.

A guide to common oral lesions

drsnehamaheshwari — Fri, 10 May 2013 12:35:33 +0000

Periodontitis

DESCRIPTION: Extension of gingival inflammation into the underlying bone and periodontal ligament is referred to as periodontitis. Since bone resorption is the outstanding feature, it is best seen on radiographs. Periodontitis is a silent disease with an occasional acute exacerbation in the form of local, painful abscesses. The gingiva is usually inflamed. The chief indicators of this disease are increased gingival sulcus depth as determined by gingival probing, and loss of alveolar bone as seen on radiographs. The conventional form of this disease starts in the teens or early adult years and without treatment shows gradual progression throughout life. It is the major cause of tooth loss in adults.

Three subtypes have been identified: (1) rapidly progressive periodontitis (RRP) affecting young adults; it resembles the conventional disease except that bone destruction is accelerated and occurs over a period of weeks or months rather than years; (2) juvenile periodontitis (JP) formerly known as periodontosis and typically affecting teenagers and characterized by destruction of alveolar bone around only first permanent molar teeth and incisor teeth; and, (3) prepubertal periodontitis (PP) affecting the deciduous teeth.

ETIOLOGY: Bacterial plaque is thought to be responsible for periodontitis. In the rapidly progressive type, there is evidence for increased activity of Bacteroides, Actinobacillus, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella organisms coupled with defects of leukocyte chemotaxis. In the juvenile (periodontosis) type, research has implicated a similar array of gram negative anaerobic rods as pathogens but there is no plausible explanation for the selective involvement of first molar and incisor teeth other than the “first erupted-first involved” theory. In the prepubertal form of periodontitis, genetically determined leukocyte adhesion molecule deficiency has been implicated. Disabling mutations in the gene for Cathepsin C account for the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. From the above, it is obvious that alterations in plaque flora and reduced immunity are encountered in the subtypes of periodontitis.

TREATMENT: In conventional periodontitis, prevention is achieved through good dental hygiene. Unless treated, continued loss of alveolar bone eventually necessitates extraction of teeth. In those patients who still have adequate bone support, periodontal surgery to reduce the sulcus depth may be of benefit.

PROGNOSIS: The prognosis depends on the stage of the disease at the time treatment is instituted.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: Most forms of periodontitis are easily recognized with periodontal probing and dental radiographs. Langerhans granulomatosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma should be ruled out in prepubertal periodontitis. Children with prepubertal periodontitis combined with hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles are said to have the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. Prepubertal periodontitis has also been described in children with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

A guide to common oral lesions

drsnehamaheshwari — Thu, 09 May 2013 12:46:55 +0000

Dental caries

DESCRIPTION: Caries ranks with gingivitis and periodontitis as one of the most common oral diseases. Treatment of these diseases and their sequelae constitutes the bulk of the practice of dentistry. Caries is the only disease that attacks that portion of the tooth exposed to the oral environment. Typical caries are most commonly located in the occlusal pits and fissures of molars and premolars, as well as beneath the contact points on the interproximal surfaces. Special consideration should be given to two types of caries, namely radiation type caries and early childhood caries (nursing bottle caries). Radiation type caries characteristically occur as multiple lesions in the cervical region of the teeth immediately adjacent to the gingival. These may completely encircle the tooth causing amputation at the gingival. Early childhood caries are multiple and rampant occurring in deciduous teeth of nursing infants and small children.

ETIOLOGY: Caries is caused by the decalcification of tooth enamel and destruction of the protein matrix. Acid produced by bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans, in dental plaque is the precipitating factor. After the enamel is destroyed bacteria enter the dentin and may extend to the pulp of the tooth. Radiation or cervical caries are usually related to xerostomia and/or chemical changes in saliva. Radiation therapy exceeding 4000 cGy to salivary glands is the most common cause. However, many common medications and systemic chemotherapy may also cause dry mouth and radiation type caries. Sjogren’s syndrome is a cause of xerostomia and a cause of radiation-type caries. Early childhood caries is due to frequent nursing with solutions containing high concentrations of sugar such as milk, soft drinks, and juices.

TREATMENT: Prevention is the best treatment. Caries can be prevented by brushing and flossing to remove plaque. A well-balanced diet without excessive sugars is also beneficial. Topical and systemic fluoride are highly effective in reducing caries, especially if given during the formative years of the teeth. Fluorides have significantly reduced the incidence of caries in the United States in the last several decades. Radiation type caries can also be prevented by a daily regime of topical fluoride. Fluoride applications applied with a custom mouth guard should begin as soon as radiation is started. Patients who have received head and neck radiation should continue daily treatments for life to prevent caries that could lead to extractions and possible osteoradionecrosis. Once caries have developed, dental restorative procedures are the only treatment, although there is now evidence that very early lesions, under intact surface enamel (white spots), may be remineralized with topically applied agents.

PROGNOSIS: Prognosis is good if the disease is treated early. If ignored, caries is a major cause of tooth loss and suffering from infection of bone and soft tissues.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS: None